据油价网2021年5月3日休斯敦报道，一项新的研究显示，在美国加利福尼亚州，由于给电动汽车充电是一件麻烦事，近五分之一的电动汽车驾驶者已经重新使用汽油车。这项研究结果势必会在计划占据汽车市场主导地位的电动汽车行业引起轰动。

　　加州大学的这项研究发表在《自然能源》杂志上，研究观察了在2012年至2018年期间购买电动汽车的司机，发现18%的电池电动汽车买家已转而购买汽油动力汽车，20%的插电式混合动力车买家也这样做。在作者进行的调查中，受访者提到的主要问题是充电时间。

　　业内人士在一份有关该研究的报告中援引彭博新闻社汽车分析师凯文? 蒂南的话说，蒂南刚刚测试了一辆野马Mach-E电动汽车。它通过家用电源以每小时3英里的速度充电。蒂南指出，夜间充电的续航里程只有36英里。

　　电动汽车充电技术问题很少成为头条新闻，原因是它们对电动汽车的支持者来说有点不便。如果你买了一辆每天都用的电动车，在家里充电是不可能的。原因是家用插座输出约120伏特的电力，这导致了上述的充电率。

　　相比之下，公共充电站的电压为240伏，这意味着充电速度更快。还有特斯拉的超级充电站，可以发出480伏特的电压。然而，即使使用增压器，也需要一个小时才能“装满”电动汽车的电池。相比之下，给一辆汽油驱动的汽车加满油只需几分钟。

　　更重要的是，根据加州大学的研究，三分之二的电动汽车司机没有使用公共充电站，尽管原因没有具体说明。

　　这样的研究对电动汽车的未来并不是个好兆头。拜登政府——以及加州政府——对采用电动汽车有着雄心勃勃的计划，所有大型汽车制造商也是如此。但《自然能源》杂志等研究表明，成功可能不像某些人希望的那样确定。汽车经销商已经意识到了这一点：《华尔街日报》最近的一篇文章指出，电动汽车仍只占汽车总销量的一小部分，并援引一位汽车经销商的话说：“美国中部地区的电动汽车消费者还没有出现。”

　　李峻 编译自 油价网

　　原文如下：

　　18% Of EV Drivers In California Switched Back To Gasoline Cars

　　Close to a fifth of all EV drivers in California have switched back to gasoline cars because charging their electric cars was a hassle, according to a new study bound to send ripples across an industry that has plans for market domination.

　　The study from the University of California, published in Nature Energy, looked at drivers who bought EVs between 2012 and 2018 and found that 18 percent of battery electric vehicle buyers switched back to gasoline-powered cars, as did 20 percent of plug-in hybrid buyers. The main problem cited by respondents to the surveys that the authors conducted was with charging times.

　　Insider, in a report on the study, quoted Bloomberg’s car analyst Kevin Tinan as explaining that he had just tested a Mustang Mach-E. It had charged—in a household outlet—at a rate of just 3 miles of range per hour. This makes just 36 miles of range for overnight charging, Tinan noted.

　　The technicalities of EV charging rarely make the headlines, and the reason is that they are a bit inconvenient for EV proponents. If you buy an EV that you use every day, you won’t be able to do it by charging it at home. The reason is that household outlets give out some 120 volts of power, which makes for the aforementioned rate of charging.

　　Public charging points, in comparison, put out 240 volts, which means faster charging. Then there are Tesla’s Superchargers, which give out 480 volts. Yet even with a Supercharger, it would take an hour to “fill up” an EV batter. This compares to just a handful of minutes to fill up a gasoline-powered vehicle.

　　What’s more, according to the study from the University of California, two-thirds of EV drivers didn’t use public charging stations, although the reasons for this were not specified.

　　Such studies don’t bode well for the future of EVs. The Biden administration—and the state of California—have superambitious plans for EV adoption, and so have all big carmakers. But studies such as the one from nature Energy suggest success may not be as certain as some would like it to be. Car dealers are already aware of that: a recent article in the Wall Street Journal noted EVs still make up a tiny minority of total car sales and cited one car dealer as saying, “The consumer in the middle of America just isn’t there yet.”